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                <text>Vatican Museums, Chiaramonti Museum, Braccio Nuovo (New Wing)</text>
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                  <text>Gifts of James and Aneta McIntyre&#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
Cohen, Henry, René Cagnat, and James C. Egbert. Latin Epigraphy II: The Coin Inscriptions and Epigraphical Abbreviations of Imperial Rome. Chicago: Ares, 1978. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Hannestad, Niels. Roman Art and Imperial Policy. Århus C [Denmark: Aarhus UP, 1988. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Klawans, Zander H. An Outline of Ancient Greek Coins. Racine, WI: Whitman Pub., 1959. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Knorr, Ortwin. "Catalogue of the McIntyre Collection of Greek and Roman Coins." Classics: Ancient Coins in the HFMA. Willamette University, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, n.d. Web. 05 Aug. 2013. &lt;http://www.willamette.edu/cla/classics/resources/hfma/coins.html&gt;.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting II: Numismatic Art of the Greek World. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting III: The Roman World-politics and Propaganda. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sear, David R. Roman Coins and Their Values: The Millennium Edition. London: Spink, 2000. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Whitting, Philip D. Byzantine Coins. New York: Putnam, 1973. Print.</text>
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                  <text>A selection of these coins are on view in the Mark and Janeth Sponenburgh Gallery at Hallie Ford Museum of Art.  </text>
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                <text>Aspendos, Pamphylia (Modern-day Turkey). Silver Stater. Fourth century BCE. &#13;
OBVERSE: Two wrestlers engage one another within a circle of dots, between them 'I E.' &#13;
REVERSE: Slinger throws, facing right. To his right is a "triskeles."&#13;
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                <text>Aspendos in Pamphylia was a Greek colony founded by the Argives on the modern-day southern coast of Turkey. In the fifth century BCE, the city began minting coins according to the Persian standard - a different weight system that determined the value of a coin and which was also common in the area. &#13;
&#13;
Having a standing figure featured on the obverse and the reverse of a coin was unusual and makes this coin’s type somewhat remarkable. The wrestlers on the OBVERSE, one of the most well known types from Aspendos, which was introduced in the fourth century BCE, likely refer to a Panhellenic victor from the colony. The slinger is possibly a punning reference to the name of the city, as sphendone (“sling”) sounds similar to Aspendos. &#13;
&#13;
The three-legged symbol, which is called a triskeles, was the badge of the city. Triskeles derives from the Greek prefix meaning three (tri-) and the word for leg (skelos). The FE and partial Phi are likely the initials of the magistrates who oversaw the minting of these coins. &#13;
&#13;
The inscription on the reverse, Estwendiiys, was the Pamphylian word corresponding to the Greek Aspendos. The use of a Pamphylian word on the coin hints that the area had a large indigenous population. However, the connections to Argos are emphasized by the club to the right of the slinger’s leg, a symbol referencing the Argive hero Herakles. The Argives, in fact, bestowed citizenship on the Pamphylians around 330-300 BCE.&#13;
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                <text>Gift of James and Aneta McIntye, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, Salem, OR. 2006.010.001</text>
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                <text>This item is on view at the Hallie Ford Museum of Art, in the Mark and Janeth Sponenburgh Gallery.</text>
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&#13;
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&#13;
Cohen, Henry, René Cagnat, and James C. Egbert. Latin Epigraphy II: The Coin Inscriptions and Epigraphical Abbreviations of Imperial Rome. Chicago: Ares, 1978. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Hannestad, Niels. Roman Art and Imperial Policy. Århus C [Denmark: Aarhus UP, 1988. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Klawans, Zander H. An Outline of Ancient Greek Coins. Racine, WI: Whitman Pub., 1959. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Knorr, Ortwin. "Catalogue of the McIntyre Collection of Greek and Roman Coins." Classics: Ancient Coins in the HFMA. Willamette University, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, n.d. Web. 05 Aug. 2013. &lt;http://www.willamette.edu/cla/classics/resources/hfma/coins.html&gt;.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting II: Numismatic Art of the Greek World. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting III: The Roman World-politics and Propaganda. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sear, David R. Roman Coins and Their Values: The Millennium Edition. London: Spink, 2000. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Whitting, Philip D. Byzantine Coins. New York: Putnam, 1973. Print.</text>
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                <text>Antiochus II, Silver Tetradrachm. </text>
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                <text>Seleucid Kingdom, Antiochus II (261-246 BCE). Silver Tetradrachm. Seleucia-on-the-Tigris mint. &#13;
OBVERSE: In a dotted circle, Antiochus I, in profile facing right, wearing a diadem that ties at the base of his skull. &#13;
REVERSE: Naked Apollo sitting on the Delphic Omphalos, looking left down on an arrow, in dotted border. Apollo’s bow is leaning against the right side of the omphalos. Inscription left: "ANTIXOY" (= Antiochou, "of Antiochos"), right: "BASILEWS" (= Basileos, "of the king"). Control-marks: monogram left: MAT, monogram right: APO (?).</text>
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                <text>Antiochus II inherited the throne from his father, Antiochus I, when the Seleucid Empire was in the throes of defeat. Pergamum, the victor, was a burgeoning kingdom that would grow over the next hundred years at the expense of the Seleucids. This defeat signaled a weakness that Ptolemy II Philadelphos took advantage of, attacking Seleucid territory in Asia Minor and Syria (Second Syrian War, 260-253 BCE). Accordingly, the early coinage of Antiochus II tried to emphasize the stability of his empire by promoting the image of his father who was known as the&lt;em&gt; Soter&lt;/em&gt; or savior. Antiochus I is shown as an older man, with deep-set eyes and highly defined features, just as he was pictured soon after his victory over Celtic invaders, the Galatai, in 276 BCE (the battle in which he earned the title of Soter). The presence of Apollo has double significance. It first references the temple of Apollo at Delphi, which housed the Delphic omphalos, a sacred stone that the Greeks thought of as the “belly button,” or center, of the world. Secondly, Apollo was made the patron god of the Seleucids by Antiochus I, who built a temple to honor the god in Daphne, near the Seleucid capital. Anitochus II had his father deified as Antiochus Apollo Soter soon after his death.</text>
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                <text>ca. 281-261 BCE</text>
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 16.100 gr&#13;
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&#13;
Information about the coins was found in these resources:&#13;
&#13;
Cohen, Henry, René Cagnat, and James C. Egbert. Latin Epigraphy II: The Coin Inscriptions and Epigraphical Abbreviations of Imperial Rome. Chicago: Ares, 1978. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Hannestad, Niels. Roman Art and Imperial Policy. Århus C [Denmark: Aarhus UP, 1988. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Klawans, Zander H. An Outline of Ancient Greek Coins. Racine, WI: Whitman Pub., 1959. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Knorr, Ortwin. "Catalogue of the McIntyre Collection of Greek and Roman Coins." Classics: Ancient Coins in the HFMA. Willamette University, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, n.d. Web. 05 Aug. 2013. &lt;http://www.willamette.edu/cla/classics/resources/hfma/coins.html&gt;.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting II: Numismatic Art of the Greek World. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting III: The Roman World-politics and Propaganda. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sear, David R. Roman Coins and Their Values: The Millennium Edition. London: Spink, 2000. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Whitting, Philip D. Byzantine Coins. New York: Putnam, 1973. Print.</text>
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                  <text>A selection of these coins are on view in the Mark and Janeth Sponenburgh Gallery at Hallie Ford Museum of Art.  </text>
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                <text>Ptolemy II Philadelphos, Silver Tetradrachm</text>
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                <text>Ptolemaic Kingdom, Ptolemy II Philadelphos (285-46 BCE), Silver Tetradrachm, Sidon (Lebanon) mint, 250/49 BCE. &#13;
OBVERSE: Diademed head of Ptolemy I Soter (305-285 BCE) in dotted border; two bankers' marks in right field (flying bird and Tu’ret, the Egyptian goddess of childbirth). &#13;
REVERSE: In dotted border, eagle with closed wings standing on a fulmen (thunderbolt); overstruck on similar die. Inscribed (PT)OLEMAIOU SWTHROS (= Ptolemaiou Soteros, "of Ptolemy the Savior"). Mint-marks in left field: SI (= Sidon) and DI; date in right field: LC (year 36 = 250 BCE).</text>
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                <text>Ptolemy II Philadelphos was the first of the Ptolemy’s to adopt the title of Pharaoh. This was not the only custom he acquired from the Egyptians as he also married his sister, a practice that was usually taboo among the Greeks. Similar to what Antiochus II of the Seleucids did with his father (Antiochus I), Ptolemy II used the image of his father, Ptolemy I (305-285 BCE) to highlight the stability of his newly inherited nation. &#13;
&#13;
The head of his father is decorated with a royal diadem, a symbol of kingly power. Ptolemy I is also identifiable by the inscription soter, a title bestowed on the king by the Rhodians, who he had freed from a siege in 305 BCE. &#13;
&#13;
The reverse of the coin shows an eagle holding a thunderbolt, the most recognizable symbol of Zeus. This reverse image was the standard among Ptolemaic coins.&#13;
&#13;
There is a figurine of Tu’ret on view in the Mark and Janeth Sponenburgh Gallery, the ID number is 2004.069.003.&#13;
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                <text>Gift of James and Aneta McIntyre, Hallie Ford Musuem of Art, Salem, OR. 2006.010.003</text>
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                <text>ca. 250-249 BCE</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
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                <text>Hallie Ford Museum of Arts</text>
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                <text>2.630 cm&#13;
13.700 gr</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
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                <text>This item can be viewed on the Hallie Ford Museum of Art's website.</text>
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                  <text>Gifts of James and Aneta McIntyre&#13;
&#13;
Information about the coins was found in these resources:&#13;
&#13;
Cohen, Henry, René Cagnat, and James C. Egbert. Latin Epigraphy II: The Coin Inscriptions and Epigraphical Abbreviations of Imperial Rome. Chicago: Ares, 1978. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Hannestad, Niels. Roman Art and Imperial Policy. Århus C [Denmark: Aarhus UP, 1988. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Klawans, Zander H. An Outline of Ancient Greek Coins. Racine, WI: Whitman Pub., 1959. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Knorr, Ortwin. "Catalogue of the McIntyre Collection of Greek and Roman Coins." Classics: Ancient Coins in the HFMA. Willamette University, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, n.d. Web. 05 Aug. 2013. &lt;http://www.willamette.edu/cla/classics/resources/hfma/coins.html&gt;.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting II: Numismatic Art of the Greek World. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting III: The Roman World-politics and Propaganda. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sear, David R. Roman Coins and Their Values: The Millennium Edition. London: Spink, 2000. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Whitting, Philip D. Byzantine Coins. New York: Putnam, 1973. Print.</text>
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                  <text>Hallie Ford Museum of Art</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Thasos, Silver Stater</text>
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                <text>Thasos, Greece, Silver Stater, ca. 525-463 BCE. &#13;
Obverse: Naked ithyphallic satyr running right with struggling maenad in his arms. &#13;
Reverse: Quadripartite incuse square.&#13;
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                <text>The island of Thasos, just off the coast of Thrace in the north Aegean Sea, was a cultic center for the worship of Dionysus. This motif is a common one for northern Greece, an area famed for its wine. &#13;
&#13;
The variations of this style include some close to absurd images where a comically muscular satyr is wooing a very muscular girl. These jolly rustic orgies are appropriate for an area where Dionysus was the most important deity and wine one of the most prized and exported products. &#13;
&#13;
Satyrs, a prominent image associated with this theme, are half-goat, half man creatures with varying amounts of human/animal attributes. This coin in particular has a more man-like satyr, with the only goat-like feature being the satyr’s goat legs.&#13;
&#13;
The incuse mark on the reverse side designates this coin as a very early Greek coin. The first coins were not illustrated on both sides. The quadripartite square, or four-parted square, is a mark from the hammer used to pound the silver into the obverse die.&#13;
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                <text>Gift of James and Aneta McIntyre, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, Salem, OR. 2006.010.004</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>ca. 550-463 BCE</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5090">
                <text>Hallie Ford Museum of Arts</text>
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                <text>2.140 cm&#13;
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                <text>This item is on view at the Hallie Ford Museum of Art, in the Mark and Janeth Sponenburgh Gallery.</text>
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                  <text>Gifts of James and Aneta McIntyre&#13;
&#13;
Information about the coins was found in these resources:&#13;
&#13;
Cohen, Henry, René Cagnat, and James C. Egbert. Latin Epigraphy II: The Coin Inscriptions and Epigraphical Abbreviations of Imperial Rome. Chicago: Ares, 1978. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Hannestad, Niels. Roman Art and Imperial Policy. Århus C [Denmark: Aarhus UP, 1988. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Klawans, Zander H. An Outline of Ancient Greek Coins. Racine, WI: Whitman Pub., 1959. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Knorr, Ortwin. "Catalogue of the McIntyre Collection of Greek and Roman Coins." Classics: Ancient Coins in the HFMA. Willamette University, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, n.d. Web. 05 Aug. 2013. &lt;http://www.willamette.edu/cla/classics/resources/hfma/coins.html&gt;.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting II: Numismatic Art of the Greek World. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting III: The Roman World-politics and Propaganda. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sear, David R. Roman Coins and Their Values: The Millennium Edition. London: Spink, 2000. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Whitting, Philip D. Byzantine Coins. New York: Putnam, 1973. Print.</text>
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                <text>Alexander III (the Great) of Macedon, Gold Stater</text>
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                <text>Macedonian Kingdom, Alexander III (the Great) of Macedon (336-323 BCE), Lampsacus. Gold Stater, 328-323 BCE. &#13;
OBVERSE: Head of Athena facing right, wearing a crested Corinthian helmet adorned with a coiled snake.&#13;
REVERSE: Winged Nike standing, facing left, holding a wreath in her outstretched right hand and a ship’s standard (stylis) in her left hand. Mint marks: Two horse-foreparts conjoined in left field, monogram "Di(o)" below left wing. Inscription ALEXANDROU (= "of Alexander") in right field.&#13;
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                <text>Alexander III of Macedon is more commonly known as Alexander the Great. A powerful and very successful military leader, Alexander’s gold coinage is symbolic of his kingship over a unified Greek state against the Persian barbarians. &#13;
&#13;
The helmeted Athena on the observe of this coin probably references Alexander’s election by the League of Greek States, like his father Philipp II before him, as the leader for the planned invasion of the Persian Empire. &#13;
&#13;
The winged goddess Nike adorning the reverse of the coin looks to future military victories while also referencing past accomplishments. She holds a naval standard, which most likely alludes to the famed victory against the Persian invaders at Salamis in 480 BCE. </text>
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                <text>Gift of James and Aneta McIntyre, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, Salem, OR. 2006.010.005</text>
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                <text>ca. 328-323 BCE</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5448">
                <text>Hallie Ford Museum of Art</text>
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2.10 gr</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Coin</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5452">
                <text>This item is on view at the Hallie Ford Museum of Art, in the Mark and Janeth Sponenburgh Gallery.</text>
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        <name>Alexander the Great</name>
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      <tag tagId="19">
        <name>Athena</name>
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      <tag tagId="20">
        <name>Macedonia</name>
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      <tag tagId="22">
        <name>naval</name>
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      <tag tagId="21">
        <name>Nike</name>
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      <tag tagId="23">
        <name>Salamis</name>
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                  <text>A guide to the ancient coins collection at the Hallie Ford Museum of Art.    </text>
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                  <text>Gifts of James and Aneta McIntyre&#13;
&#13;
Information about the coins was found in these resources:&#13;
&#13;
Cohen, Henry, René Cagnat, and James C. Egbert. Latin Epigraphy II: The Coin Inscriptions and Epigraphical Abbreviations of Imperial Rome. Chicago: Ares, 1978. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Hannestad, Niels. Roman Art and Imperial Policy. Århus C [Denmark: Aarhus UP, 1988. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Klawans, Zander H. An Outline of Ancient Greek Coins. Racine, WI: Whitman Pub., 1959. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Knorr, Ortwin. "Catalogue of the McIntyre Collection of Greek and Roman Coins." Classics: Ancient Coins in the HFMA. Willamette University, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, n.d. Web. 05 Aug. 2013. &lt;http://www.willamette.edu/cla/classics/resources/hfma/coins.html&gt;.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting II: Numismatic Art of the Greek World. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting III: The Roman World-politics and Propaganda. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sear, David R. Roman Coins and Their Values: The Millennium Edition. London: Spink, 2000. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Whitting, Philip D. Byzantine Coins. New York: Putnam, 1973. Print.</text>
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              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                  <text>Hallie Ford Museum of Art</text>
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              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                  <text>A selection of these coins are on view in the Mark and Janeth Sponenburgh Gallery at Hallie Ford Museum of Art.  </text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Athens, Silver Tetradrachm</text>
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                <text>Athens, Attica. Silver Tetradrachm, 450-440 BCE. &#13;
OBVERSE: Archaic head of Athena facing right. Her Attic helmet is decorated with a diadem of three olive leaves. Test cuts in Athena's throat and cheek. &#13;
REVERSE: Archaic owl, slightly off-center to the left. In upper left, sprig of olive with two leaves and one berry in the center and a crescent that almost touches the shoulder and head of the owl. Inscription on the right: "AQE" (= Athenaion, "of the Athenians").</text>
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                <text>The Athenian “owl” is one of the most recognizable coins of the ancient world. First minted in 515 BCE, the “owl,” featuring Athena on the obverse and, her symbol, the owl, on the reverse, was continually minted by the Athenians until they gave up their last silver coinage in the first century BCE. The coins were made of very pure Laurion silver, and thus were considered to be of very high quality and were greatly valued around the ancient world. Hoards of them have been found far from Athens: Yemen and Afghanistan being just a couple of examples. &#13;
&#13;
This coin, though minted in the Classical period, still has some Archaic features: the almond eyes and slight “Archaic” smile. The stylized olive leaves crowning Athena’s Attic helmet may be commemorating the battle of Salamis in 480 BCE. The Athenian navy, under Themistocles, defeated the fleet of Xerxes during the second and last Persian attempt to invade Greece. </text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Gift of James and Aneta McIntyre, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, Salem, OR. 2006.010.006</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>ca. 450-440 BCE </text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Hallie Ford Museum of Art</text>
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                <text>2.320 cm&#13;
17.000 gr</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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            <name>Type</name>
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                <text>Coin</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>Athenian owl</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>This item is on view at the Hallie Ford Museum of Art, in the Mark and Janeth Sponenburgh Gallery.</text>
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        <name>Archaic</name>
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                  <text>Ancient Coins at the Hallie Ford Museum of Art</text>
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                  <text>Gifts of James and Aneta McIntyre&#13;
&#13;
Information about the coins was found in these resources:&#13;
&#13;
Cohen, Henry, René Cagnat, and James C. Egbert. Latin Epigraphy II: The Coin Inscriptions and Epigraphical Abbreviations of Imperial Rome. Chicago: Ares, 1978. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Hannestad, Niels. Roman Art and Imperial Policy. Århus C [Denmark: Aarhus UP, 1988. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Klawans, Zander H. An Outline of Ancient Greek Coins. Racine, WI: Whitman Pub., 1959. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Knorr, Ortwin. "Catalogue of the McIntyre Collection of Greek and Roman Coins." Classics: Ancient Coins in the HFMA. Willamette University, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, n.d. Web. 05 Aug. 2013. &lt;http://www.willamette.edu/cla/classics/resources/hfma/coins.html&gt;.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting II: Numismatic Art of the Greek World. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting III: The Roman World-politics and Propaganda. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sear, David R. Roman Coins and Their Values: The Millennium Edition. London: Spink, 2000. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Whitting, Philip D. Byzantine Coins. New York: Putnam, 1973. Print.</text>
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              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                  <text>Hallie Ford Museum of Art</text>
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                  <text>A selection of these coins are on view in the Mark and Janeth Sponenburgh Gallery at Hallie Ford Museum of Art.  </text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Pharsalos, Thessaly, Silver Hemidrachm</text>
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                <text>Pharsalos, Thessaly (Greece). Silver Hemidrachm (Triobol), 440-425 BCE. &#13;
OBVERSE: Head of Athena with earrings facing right, wearing a crested Attic helmet with raised cheek guards. &#13;
REVERSE: Horse protome in incuse square facing right. In right field, inscription "F-AR" with Archaic Greek R (short for: Pharsalon, "of the Pharsalians"; test cut on base of horse head.</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Though never mentioned in Homeric epic, Thessaly claimed its founder was none other than Aiakos, the grandfather of Achilles, making it the Homeric Phthia, also the birthplace of Achilles. &#13;
Later in time, probably around 60 CE, Thessaly was commemorated in Lucan’s famous epic poem, Pharsalia. This poem accounts the defeat of Pompey and the forces of the Roman Republic by Julius Caesar in the battle of Pharsalos, which took place in 48 BCE. &#13;
&#13;
This coin was minted during the golden age of Thessaly, under the reign of ruler Daochos (ca. 441 - 413 BCE). Athena is shown on the obverse wearing an Attic helmet. This might seem a bit odd since it does not provide as much protection as the more contemporary Corinthian helmet. Some scholars have suggested that this Athena is specifically referring to the city’s patron goddess, Athena Polias, who may have been depicted wearing an Attic helmet. &#13;
&#13;
The horse on the back is an allusion to the illustrious status of Thessalian horses and the prestige of the cavalry. Alexander the Great’s legendary horse, Bucephalus, was a Thessalian horse. </text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Gift of James and Aneta McIntyre, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, Salem, OR. 2006.010.007</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>ca. 441 - 413 BCE</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Hallie Ford Museum of Arts</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>1.360 cm&#13;
2.900 gr</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>Thessalian horse</text>
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                <text>This item can be viewed on the Hallie Ford Museum of Art's website</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Gifts of James and Aneta McIntyre&#13;
&#13;
Information about the coins was found in these resources:&#13;
&#13;
Cohen, Henry, René Cagnat, and James C. Egbert. Latin Epigraphy II: The Coin Inscriptions and Epigraphical Abbreviations of Imperial Rome. Chicago: Ares, 1978. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Hannestad, Niels. Roman Art and Imperial Policy. Århus C [Denmark: Aarhus UP, 1988. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Klawans, Zander H. An Outline of Ancient Greek Coins. Racine, WI: Whitman Pub., 1959. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Knorr, Ortwin. "Catalogue of the McIntyre Collection of Greek and Roman Coins." Classics: Ancient Coins in the HFMA. Willamette University, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, n.d. Web. 05 Aug. 2013. &lt;http://www.willamette.edu/cla/classics/resources/hfma/coins.html&gt;.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting II: Numismatic Art of the Greek World. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting III: The Roman World-politics and Propaganda. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sear, David R. Roman Coins and Their Values: The Millennium Edition. London: Spink, 2000. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Whitting, Philip D. Byzantine Coins. New York: Putnam, 1973. Print.</text>
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              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5524">
                  <text>Hallie Ford Museum of Art</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5525">
                  <text>Ancient Coins</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="38">
              <name>Coverage</name>
              <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5526">
                  <text>A selection of these coins are on view in the Mark and Janeth Sponenburgh Gallery at Hallie Ford Museum of Art.  </text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5137">
                <text>Tarsus, Cilicia, Silver Stater</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5138">
                <text>Tarsus, Cilicia (Turkey). Silver Stater, ca. 378-372 BCE. &#13;
OBVERSE: Facing head of a goddess or nymph, inclined to left, wearing a sphendone, multi-pendant necklace, and earrings, all set in dotted border. &#13;
REVERSE: DAMATAS in Aramaic characters. Bearded male head (Ares?) wearing an Attic helmet with three-part crest and movable double visor, facing to the right, set in dotted border. Aramaic inscription in right field: TRKMW, i.e., Tarkamuwa, the Persian satrap known to the Greeks as Damates.</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5139">
                <text>Damates (ca. 407 - 362 BCE) was the satrap (Persian governor) of both Cappadocia and Cicilia under the Persian Great King Artaxerxes II (405-359 BCE). Proving his worth through many bloody battles, Damates became the most powerful satrap of Artaxerxes. Damates later rebelled and led the great Satrapal revolt. The revolt took almost ten years to quell and Damates was assassinated in 362 BCE.&#13;
&#13;
Before the revolt, around 378 BCE, another satrap, Pharnabazus of Dascylium, was ordered to invade Egypt, which had recently freed itself of Persian rule. Pharnabazus failed around 373 BCE and another order to invade was given to Damates. In order to pay for these expeditions, the two satraps minted nearly identical coins, only distinguishable by the inscription. The woman on the front is clearly inspired by the famous representations of the nymph Arethusa created by the artist Kimon for the coins of Syracuse, but her identity on these coins is a mystery. The back simply shows a helmeted warrior, possibly Ares (god of war). These designs were likely supposed to appeal to the thousands of Greek mercenaries hired during these Egyptian campaigns. </text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5140">
                <text>Gift of James and Aneta McIntyre, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, Salem, OR. 2006.010.008</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5141">
                <text>ca. 378-372 BCE. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5142">
                <text>Hallie Ford Museum of Art</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5143">
                <text>1.070 cm&#13;
21.200 gr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5144">
                <text>Aramaic</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5145">
                <text>Persian</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5146">
                <text>Persian nymph</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5147">
                <text>This item is can be viewed on the Hallie Ford Museum of Art's website.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="35">
        <name>Ares</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="36">
        <name>Damates</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="34">
        <name>nymph</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="33">
        <name>Persian</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="60" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="77">
        <src>http://library.willamette.edu/hfma/omeka/files/original/69f877a26c68d02b09ebab16f8dd048e.jpg</src>
        <authentication>fa6a5ff6bde8d96800a3dd159f067d48</authentication>
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    <collection collectionId="2">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5519">
                  <text>Ancient Coins at the Hallie Ford Museum of Art</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5520">
                  <text>The entire collection of coins found at Hallie Ford Museum of Arts.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5521">
                  <text>A guide to the ancient coins collection at the Hallie Ford Museum of Art.    </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="48">
              <name>Source</name>
              <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5522">
                  <text>Gifts of James and Aneta McIntyre&#13;
&#13;
Information about the coins was found in these resources:&#13;
&#13;
Cohen, Henry, René Cagnat, and James C. Egbert. Latin Epigraphy II: The Coin Inscriptions and Epigraphical Abbreviations of Imperial Rome. Chicago: Ares, 1978. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Hannestad, Niels. Roman Art and Imperial Policy. Århus C [Denmark: Aarhus UP, 1988. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Klawans, Zander H. An Outline of Ancient Greek Coins. Racine, WI: Whitman Pub., 1959. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Knorr, Ortwin. "Catalogue of the McIntyre Collection of Greek and Roman Coins." Classics: Ancient Coins in the HFMA. Willamette University, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, n.d. Web. 05 Aug. 2013. &lt;http://www.willamette.edu/cla/classics/resources/hfma/coins.html&gt;.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting II: Numismatic Art of the Greek World. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting III: The Roman World-politics and Propaganda. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sear, David R. Roman Coins and Their Values: The Millennium Edition. London: Spink, 2000. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Whitting, Philip D. Byzantine Coins. New York: Putnam, 1973. Print.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5523">
                  <text>Early Greek- Medieval</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5524">
                  <text>Hallie Ford Museum of Art</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5525">
                  <text>Ancient Coins</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="38">
              <name>Coverage</name>
              <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5526">
                  <text>A selection of these coins are on view in the Mark and Janeth Sponenburgh Gallery at Hallie Ford Museum of Art.  </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5148">
                <text>Achaemenid, Silver Siglos</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5149">
                <text>Achaemenid (Persian) Empire. Silver Siglos, 485-470 BCE. &#13;
OBVERSE: Royal archer running right, quiver on back, holding bow in his left hand and a transverse spear in his right hand.&#13;
REVERSE: Oblong, tooth-shaped incuse mark.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5150">
                <text>This coin was minted during the time of one of the most famous attempts at Persian expansion, around the beginning of the fifth century BCE. The Battle of Marathon, where Darius I attempted to gain control of mainland Greece, is one of the most famous battles in all of Greek history. This battle was a turning point for Greek forces, which eventually won the battle to keep Persia at bay. Darius I died soon after the battle ended and his successor and son, Xerxes I, might have minted these coins to pay for foreign mercenaries in his own invasion of Greece in 481-479 BCE.&#13;
&#13;
This motif of running royal figure was prominent during the whole of the Persian Empire. He is featured with a bow, quiver of arrows, lance, crown and a special garment without sleeves worn by archers. The coin also exhibits an early way of denoting running figures with the so-called Knielauf scheme, or a profile figure running with one knee bent. The figure has been interpreted as the great king Darius I, but is also referred to simply as a “royal figure.” These coins enjoyed a reputation of being made of high quality silver and were some of the best known coins in the ancient world. The Greeks referred to them as toxotai (archers).&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5151">
                <text>Gift of James and Aneta McIntyre, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, Salem, OR. 2006.010.009</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5152">
                <text>ca. 485-470 BCE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5153">
                <text>Hallie Ford Museum of Art</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5154">
                <text>1.600 cm&#13;
5.300 gr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5155">
                <text>Persian</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5156">
                <text>Coin</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5157">
                <text>Darius I royal archer</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5158">
                <text>This item can be viewed on the Hallie Ford Museum of Art's website.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="37">
        <name>Darius I</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="41">
        <name>Knielauf</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="33">
        <name>Persian</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="39">
        <name>royal figure</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="40">
        <name>running</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="38">
        <name>Xerxes</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
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