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                  <text>Gifts of James and Aneta McIntyre&#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
Cohen, Henry, René Cagnat, and James C. Egbert. Latin Epigraphy II: The Coin Inscriptions and Epigraphical Abbreviations of Imperial Rome. Chicago: Ares, 1978. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Hannestad, Niels. Roman Art and Imperial Policy. Århus C [Denmark: Aarhus UP, 1988. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Klawans, Zander H. An Outline of Ancient Greek Coins. Racine, WI: Whitman Pub., 1959. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Knorr, Ortwin. "Catalogue of the McIntyre Collection of Greek and Roman Coins." Classics: Ancient Coins in the HFMA. Willamette University, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, n.d. Web. 05 Aug. 2013. &lt;http://www.willamette.edu/cla/classics/resources/hfma/coins.html&gt;.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting II: Numismatic Art of the Greek World. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting III: The Roman World-politics and Propaganda. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sear, David R. Roman Coins and Their Values: The Millennium Edition. London: Spink, 2000. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Whitting, Philip D. Byzantine Coins. New York: Putnam, 1973. Print.</text>
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                  <text>A selection of these coins are on view in the Mark and Janeth Sponenburgh Gallery at Hallie Ford Museum of Art.  </text>
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                <text>Octavian Augustus, Silver Quinarius</text>
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                <text>Rome and Brundisium (?), Italy. Octavian Augustus, Silver Quinarius, 29 BCE – 27 BCE.&#13;
OBVERSE: Head of Octavian Augustus, in profile to the right. The inscription would read, if all were visible, CAESAR IMP VII (Caesar, imperator for the 7th time). &#13;
REVERSE: [Asia] RECEPTA (Asia recaptured) reads left and right of winged Victory who holds a wreath and a palm branch over a cista mystica between two snakes.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Augustus was the first real Roman emperor (27 BCE – 14 CE), following in the footsteps of his adopted uncle, Julius Caesar. During a tumultuous civil war for control of the empire, Augustus defeated his enemies, including Pompey and Marc Antony, and paved the way for hundreds of years of Roman supremacy in the Hellenistic world - all while permanently replacing the Roman Republic with the Roman Empire. He was both a successful military commander and skilled leader; his time as emperor was known as the “era of Augustan peace.” A savvy propagandist, he used his power and influence to secure continued support from people at home and abroad. He was so well-liked, in fact, that many places began worshipping his &lt;em&gt;Genius&lt;/em&gt; (literally, his spirit). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; This coin was part of a series of coins that celebrated Augustus' military victories abroad. Among the minted coins, one will find phrases like &lt;em&gt;Aegyptus capta &lt;/em&gt;(Egypt captured), &lt;em&gt;Armenia capta&lt;/em&gt; (Armenia captured),&lt;em&gt; Asia recepta &lt;/em&gt;(Asia returned) and &lt;em&gt;signa recepta&lt;/em&gt; (military standard reclaimed)--all telling of what place was captured or returned to the Roman Empire.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Imperator was an honorary military title that was taken by an emperor when he achieved a significant military victory.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Gift of James and Aneta McIntyre, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, Salem, OR. 2006.010.031</text>
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                <text>29-28 BCE</text>
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                <text>0.543 in&#13;
0.055 oz</text>
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                <text>This item is on view at Hallie Ford Museum of Art, in the Mark and Janeth Sponenburgh Gallery.</text>
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&#13;
Information about the coins was found in these resources:&#13;
&#13;
Cohen, Henry, René Cagnat, and James C. Egbert. Latin Epigraphy II: The Coin Inscriptions and Epigraphical Abbreviations of Imperial Rome. Chicago: Ares, 1978. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Hannestad, Niels. Roman Art and Imperial Policy. Århus C [Denmark: Aarhus UP, 1988. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Klawans, Zander H. An Outline of Ancient Greek Coins. Racine, WI: Whitman Pub., 1959. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Knorr, Ortwin. "Catalogue of the McIntyre Collection of Greek and Roman Coins." Classics: Ancient Coins in the HFMA. Willamette University, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, n.d. Web. 05 Aug. 2013. &lt;http://www.willamette.edu/cla/classics/resources/hfma/coins.html&gt;.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting II: Numismatic Art of the Greek World. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting III: The Roman World-politics and Propaganda. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sear, David R. Roman Coins and Their Values: The Millennium Edition. London: Spink, 2000. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Whitting, Philip D. Byzantine Coins. New York: Putnam, 1973. Print.</text>
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                <text>Syracuse, Sicily, Bronze Litra</text>
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                <text>Syracuse, Sicily. Agathokles (317-289 BCE), Bronze Litra, Period 4, ca. 295 BCE. &#13;
OBVERSE: Head of Artemis, in profile facing right, hair bound in a ponytail-bun, with triple-pendant earring and necklace, quiver over shoulder. On the right, corroded inscription SWTEIRA (Soteira = "the (female) savior").&#13;
REVERSE: Fulmen (winged thunderbolt of Zeus) in center. Inscription on top: "AGAQOKLEOS" (Agathokleos = "of Agathokles"), on bottom: "BASILEW(S)" (basileos = "of the king").</text>
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                <text>Agathokles (361-289 BCE) was the son of a wealthy ceramics manufacturer who made himself king of Syracuse. He eventually ruled over much of East Sicily and even parts of mainland Italy. He had some military success against the Carthaginians but was eventually forced to sign a peace treaty in 306 BCE stating the river Halykos as the limit of Greek influence. Agathokles’ son and intended successor, also named Agathokles, was assassinated in 289 BCE. After his son died, and thus without a successor, Agathokles tried to restore the Syracusan democracy. He died of sickness soon after his son's death.&#13;
&#13;
Artemis, the patron goddess of Syracuse, is shown on the obverse of this coin. There was an ancient temple dedicated to her on the island of Ortygia, which is located in Syracuse’s harbor. She is identifiable because of the quiver on her shoulder and her hairstyle, a ponytail/bun, which is typically worn by virgins. The reverse shows a fulmen, or lightning bolt of Zeus, a symbol of Agathokles’ kingship. </text>
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                <text>Gift of James and Aneta McIntyre, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, Salem, OR. 2006.010.030</text>
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                <text>ca. 304-289 BCE </text>
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                <text>Hallie Ford Museum of Art</text>
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                <text>1.970 cm&#13;
8.300 gr</text>
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                <text>This item can be viewed on Hallie Ford Museum of Art's website.</text>
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                  <text>Gifts of James and Aneta McIntyre&#13;
&#13;
Information about the coins was found in these resources:&#13;
&#13;
Cohen, Henry, René Cagnat, and James C. Egbert. Latin Epigraphy II: The Coin Inscriptions and Epigraphical Abbreviations of Imperial Rome. Chicago: Ares, 1978. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Hannestad, Niels. Roman Art and Imperial Policy. Århus C [Denmark: Aarhus UP, 1988. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Klawans, Zander H. An Outline of Ancient Greek Coins. Racine, WI: Whitman Pub., 1959. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Knorr, Ortwin. "Catalogue of the McIntyre Collection of Greek and Roman Coins." Classics: Ancient Coins in the HFMA. Willamette University, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, n.d. Web. 05 Aug. 2013. &lt;http://www.willamette.edu/cla/classics/resources/hfma/coins.html&gt;.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting II: Numismatic Art of the Greek World. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting III: The Roman World-politics and Propaganda. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sear, David R. Roman Coins and Their Values: The Millennium Edition. London: Spink, 2000. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Whitting, Philip D. Byzantine Coins. New York: Putnam, 1973. Print.</text>
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                <text>Antioch-on-the-Orontes, Bronze Coin</text>
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                <text>Antioch-on-the-Orontes (autonomous city in Roman Syria), AE 19, 64-49 BCE. &#13;
OBVERSE: In dotted circle, Laureate head of bearded Zeus, in profile facing right. Inset in a circle of dots. &#13;
REVERSE: Enthroned Zeus Nikephoros, i.e., Zeus holding a winged Nike in his right hand, in his left a sceptre. Off-centered so that the right inscription (ANTIOXEWN THS) is missing; inscription left: (M)HTROPOL(EWS) (= Antiocheon tes metropoleos, "of the metropolis of the Antiocheans"). In left field next to leg: cornucopiae. Pompeian Era date in exergue off the flan.</text>
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                <text>Antiochia-on-the-river-Orantes was fouded by Seleucus I Nicator in honor of his father Antiochus. The western Seleucid Empire used this city as its capital and its mint became one of the most important in the empire. Antioch was a very large city for the ancient world, at its peak reaching 500,000, making it the third largest city in the Roman Empire. &#13;
&#13;
When Pompey reorganized the Roman province of Syria in 64 BCE, Antioch became a free city because it had rebelled against the last Seleucid king, Antiochus XIII, and thus continued to mint its own coins. &#13;
&#13;
Zeus appears on both sides of the coin, a reference to the Seleucid history of the city, which often featured Zeus on its coinage and erected statues in his name. According to legend, the city was founded at the exact spot where an eagle, a symbol of the god, dropped a piece of sacrificial meat. </text>
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                <text>Gift of James and Aneta McIntyre, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, Salem, OR. 2006.010.029&#13;
</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="4217">
                <text>ca. 129-125 BCE</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="4218">
                <text>Hallie Ford Museum of Art</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="4219">
                <text>1.940 cm&#13;
8.300 gr</text>
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                <text>This item can be viewed on Hallie Ford Museum of Art's website.</text>
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                  <text>Gifts of James and Aneta McIntyre&#13;
&#13;
Information about the coins was found in these resources:&#13;
&#13;
Cohen, Henry, René Cagnat, and James C. Egbert. Latin Epigraphy II: The Coin Inscriptions and Epigraphical Abbreviations of Imperial Rome. Chicago: Ares, 1978. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Hannestad, Niels. Roman Art and Imperial Policy. Århus C [Denmark: Aarhus UP, 1988. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Klawans, Zander H. An Outline of Ancient Greek Coins. Racine, WI: Whitman Pub., 1959. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Knorr, Ortwin. "Catalogue of the McIntyre Collection of Greek and Roman Coins." Classics: Ancient Coins in the HFMA. Willamette University, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, n.d. Web. 05 Aug. 2013. &lt;http://www.willamette.edu/cla/classics/resources/hfma/coins.html&gt;.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting II: Numismatic Art of the Greek World. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting III: The Roman World-politics and Propaganda. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sear, David R. Roman Coins and Their Values: The Millennium Edition. London: Spink, 2000. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Whitting, Philip D. Byzantine Coins. New York: Putnam, 1973. Print.</text>
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                  <text>Hallie Ford Museum of Art</text>
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                  <text>A selection of these coins are on view in the Mark and Janeth Sponenburgh Gallery at Hallie Ford Museum of Art.  </text>
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                <text>Thurii, Lucania, Silver Stater</text>
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                <text>Thurii, Lucania (Italy). Silver Stater, ca. 400-350 BCE. &#13;
OBVERSE: Head of Athena, wearing a crested Attic helmet adorned with a Skylla who is shading her eyes. &#13;
REVERSE:  bull pawing the ground, facing right, head down. "THOUPIWN" (= Thurion, "of the Thurians") inscribed above. Mullet-fish swimming right in exergue.</text>
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                <text>The history of Thurii, one of the last Greek settled colonies, starts with the history of the colony Sybaris. Founded in 720 BCE, it was conquered by neighboring Croton in 510 BCE. After several unsuccessful attempts to re-occupy the city, Thurii was founded by the initiative of Perikles in 443 BCE near the remains of the old Sybaris. Home to the historian Herodotus and the sophist Protagoras of Abdera (who was commissioned to write the new city's code of law), Thurii quickly rose to rival its neighbor Tarentum. As a compromise, both cities together founded a new colony, Heraclea, in contested territory in 432 BCE.&#13;
&#13;
This coin bears Athena with a Scylla (part human, dog and snake) adorning her helmet. The Scylla may be a reference to Athena Skyletria or a symbol of prosperity that “looks out for loot.” The bull on the back was a common symbol on the coins of Sybaris. Since river gods were often represented with bull features, both the bull and the mullet, a fish that likes brackish water and was considered a delicacy, may be a reference to the nearby river Krathis.</text>
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                <text>Gift of James and Aneta McIntyre, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, Salem, OR. 2006.010.028</text>
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                <text>400-350 BCE</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="4199">
                <text>Hallie Ford Museum of Arts</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>1.990 cm&#13;
7.500 gr</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>This item is on view at the Hallie Ford Museum of Art, in the Mark and Janeth Sponenburgh Gallery.</text>
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                  <text>Gifts of James and Aneta McIntyre&#13;
&#13;
Information about the coins was found in these resources:&#13;
&#13;
Cohen, Henry, René Cagnat, and James C. Egbert. Latin Epigraphy II: The Coin Inscriptions and Epigraphical Abbreviations of Imperial Rome. Chicago: Ares, 1978. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Hannestad, Niels. Roman Art and Imperial Policy. Århus C [Denmark: Aarhus UP, 1988. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Klawans, Zander H. An Outline of Ancient Greek Coins. Racine, WI: Whitman Pub., 1959. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Knorr, Ortwin. "Catalogue of the McIntyre Collection of Greek and Roman Coins." Classics: Ancient Coins in the HFMA. Willamette University, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, n.d. Web. 05 Aug. 2013. &lt;http://www.willamette.edu/cla/classics/resources/hfma/coins.html&gt;.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting II: Numismatic Art of the Greek World. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting III: The Roman World-politics and Propaganda. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sear, David R. Roman Coins and Their Values: The Millennium Edition. London: Spink, 2000. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Whitting, Philip D. Byzantine Coins. New York: Putnam, 1973. Print.</text>
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                <text>Pergamon, Silver Cistophoric Tetradrachm</text>
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                <text>Mysia (Western Turkey): Pergamon (free city in Roman Asia), Silver Cistophoric Tetradrachm, ca. 92-88 BCE. &#13;
OBVERSE: Serpent emerging from cista mystica (basket), all surrounded by ivy wreath; design worn and off-center. &#13;
REVERSE: Two serpents entwined about bow-case decorated with aplustre (the curved stern of an ancient Greek or Roman ship), PERG monogram to left, DH above, thyrsos entwined by serpent on right.</text>
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                <text>The Attalid King Eumenes II of Pergamon first introduced the cistophori (basketbearers), the main denomination of coinage in Asia Minor for 300 years, around 166 BCE. The last Attalid king, Attalos III, died in 133 BCE, leaving his kingdom to the Roman Empire. At the same time, he declared in his last will that Pergamon, among other important cities of his kingdom, would be “free;” meaning they would not have to pay a Roman tribute fee. Pergamon and the other cities continued to mint cistophori to honor their former ruler. &#13;
&#13;
The cista mystica, shown on the obverse of this coin, is a woven basket that contains the sacred objects of a mystery cult. The worship of Dionysos was common in the east and this cista likely refers to his worship, which included a secret mystery cult. The legendary founder and first king of Pergamon was Telephos, the son of Herakles. The bow case (gorytos) on the reverse of this coin is likely a reference to this founding legend. </text>
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                <text>Gift of James and Aneta McIntyre, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, Salem, OR. 2006.010.027</text>
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                <text>133-67 BCE </text>
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                <text>Hallie Ford Museum of Arts</text>
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                <text>2.680 cm&#13;
12.400 gr</text>
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                <text>This item can be viewed on Hallie Ford Museum of Art's website.</text>
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                  <text>Gifts of James and Aneta McIntyre&#13;
&#13;
Information about the coins was found in these resources:&#13;
&#13;
Cohen, Henry, René Cagnat, and James C. Egbert. Latin Epigraphy II: The Coin Inscriptions and Epigraphical Abbreviations of Imperial Rome. Chicago: Ares, 1978. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Hannestad, Niels. Roman Art and Imperial Policy. Århus C [Denmark: Aarhus UP, 1988. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Klawans, Zander H. An Outline of Ancient Greek Coins. Racine, WI: Whitman Pub., 1959. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Knorr, Ortwin. "Catalogue of the McIntyre Collection of Greek and Roman Coins." Classics: Ancient Coins in the HFMA. Willamette University, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, n.d. Web. 05 Aug. 2013. &lt;http://www.willamette.edu/cla/classics/resources/hfma/coins.html&gt;.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting II: Numismatic Art of the Greek World. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting III: The Roman World-politics and Propaganda. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sear, David R. Roman Coins and Their Values: The Millennium Edition. London: Spink, 2000. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Whitting, Philip D. Byzantine Coins. New York: Putnam, 1973. Print.</text>
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                <text>Aesernia, Samnii, Italy. AE 21  c. 263 - 240 BCE.&#13;
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&#13;
Aesernia (Isernia) was located near the start of the river Vulturnus. It was a town inhabited mostly by Samnites until 263 BCE when it became an official Roman colony. Roman military veterans were moved to the area as a way to keep the local population in check.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Gift of James and Aneta McIntyre, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, Salem, OR. 2006.010.026&#13;
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                  <text>Gifts of James and Aneta McIntyre&#13;
&#13;
Information about the coins was found in these resources:&#13;
&#13;
Cohen, Henry, René Cagnat, and James C. Egbert. Latin Epigraphy II: The Coin Inscriptions and Epigraphical Abbreviations of Imperial Rome. Chicago: Ares, 1978. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Hannestad, Niels. Roman Art and Imperial Policy. Århus C [Denmark: Aarhus UP, 1988. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Klawans, Zander H. An Outline of Ancient Greek Coins. Racine, WI: Whitman Pub., 1959. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Knorr, Ortwin. "Catalogue of the McIntyre Collection of Greek and Roman Coins." Classics: Ancient Coins in the HFMA. Willamette University, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, n.d. Web. 05 Aug. 2013. &lt;http://www.willamette.edu/cla/classics/resources/hfma/coins.html&gt;.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting II: Numismatic Art of the Greek World. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting III: The Roman World-politics and Propaganda. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sear, David R. Roman Coins and Their Values: The Millennium Edition. London: Spink, 2000. Print.&#13;
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Whitting, Philip D. Byzantine Coins. New York: Putnam, 1973. Print.</text>
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                <text>FAKE Persian Mithradates II, Silver Drachm</text>
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                <text>Replica of a silver drachm minted under Mithradates II in Parthia around 123-88 BCE showing Arsaces enthroned.</text>
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                <text>This coin, a fake replica of a coin minted under Mithradates II in Parthia around 123-188 BCE is one of many coins from the ancient world that have been counterfeited. </text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Gift of James and Aneta McIntyre, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, Salem, OR. 2006.010.025</text>
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                  <text>Gifts of James and Aneta McIntyre&#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
Cohen, Henry, René Cagnat, and James C. Egbert. Latin Epigraphy II: The Coin Inscriptions and Epigraphical Abbreviations of Imperial Rome. Chicago: Ares, 1978. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Hannestad, Niels. Roman Art and Imperial Policy. Århus C [Denmark: Aarhus UP, 1988. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Klawans, Zander H. An Outline of Ancient Greek Coins. Racine, WI: Whitman Pub., 1959. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Knorr, Ortwin. "Catalogue of the McIntyre Collection of Greek and Roman Coins." Classics: Ancient Coins in the HFMA. Willamette University, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, n.d. Web. 05 Aug. 2013. &lt;http://www.willamette.edu/cla/classics/resources/hfma/coins.html&gt;.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting II: Numismatic Art of the Greek World. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting III: The Roman World-politics and Propaganda. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sear, David R. Roman Coins and Their Values: The Millennium Edition. London: Spink, 2000. Print.&#13;
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Whitting, Philip D. Byzantine Coins. New York: Putnam, 1973. Print.</text>
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                <text>Herodotus accounts the adventures of the Phocaians, a people from the area of Turkey who were displaced by the spread of the Persian kingdom. These people (Hist. 1. 167) settled in an area they named Hyele, on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea, around 538 BCE. It went through several changes of name: Hyele to Ele, to Elea and eventually settling on its Roman name Velia. &#13;
&#13;
The lion and incuse square resemble other coins found in the Aegean world, where the Phocaians had come from. The odd shape, rough design and incuse mark are all examples of early Greek coins.</text>
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                  <text>Gifts of James and Aneta McIntyre&#13;
&#13;
Information about the coins was found in these resources:&#13;
&#13;
Cohen, Henry, René Cagnat, and James C. Egbert. Latin Epigraphy II: The Coin Inscriptions and Epigraphical Abbreviations of Imperial Rome. Chicago: Ares, 1978. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Hannestad, Niels. Roman Art and Imperial Policy. Århus C [Denmark: Aarhus UP, 1988. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Klawans, Zander H. An Outline of Ancient Greek Coins. Racine, WI: Whitman Pub., 1959. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Knorr, Ortwin. "Catalogue of the McIntyre Collection of Greek and Roman Coins." Classics: Ancient Coins in the HFMA. Willamette University, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, n.d. Web. 05 Aug. 2013. &lt;http://www.willamette.edu/cla/classics/resources/hfma/coins.html&gt;.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting II: Numismatic Art of the Greek World. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting III: The Roman World-politics and Propaganda. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sear, David R. Roman Coins and Their Values: The Millennium Edition. London: Spink, 2000. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Whitting, Philip D. Byzantine Coins. New York: Putnam, 1973. Print.</text>
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                  <text>Early Greek- Medieval</text>
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              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                  <text>Hallie Ford Museum of Art</text>
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                  <text>A selection of these coins are on view in the Mark and Janeth Sponenburgh Gallery at Hallie Ford Museum of Art.  </text>
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                <text>Thessalian League, Silver Drachma</text>
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                <text>Thessalian League (Roman Province of Macedonia), Larisa?, Silver Drachma, 168-100 BCE. &#13;
OBVERSE: Laureate head of Apollo facing right in profile, letter H left of neck.&#13;
REVERSE: Athena Itonia, advancing right with raised spear and shield. Inscription "QESSA-LWN" (Thessalon = of the Thessalians). Magistrate signature left and right of Athena's legs: "POLY". Most likely minted in Larisa.</text>
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                <text>The Thessalian League was a loose confederation of several Thessalian city-states. The largest city, Larisa, functioned as the seat of the league. The alliance existed even after the Roman province of Macedonia was founded in 146 BCE.&#13;
&#13;
Apollo probably represents the league's involvement with the Delphic Amphictyony, an organization that participated heavily in the management and upkeep of the Temple of Apollo and its oracle in Delphi. &#13;
&#13;
Athena Itonia graces the REVERSE of this coin, the patron goddess of the area. She is depicted as Athena Promachos (the Forefighter), advancing in full armor with spear and shield. The aegis, one of Athena’s identifying attributes, is the tasseled object shown around her neck. A hole was drilled into the coin in antiquity so it could be worn as an amulet or talisman on a necklace. </text>
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                <text>Gift of James and Aneta McIntyre, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, Salem, OR. 2006.010.023</text>
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                <text>ca. 168-100 BCE</text>
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                <text>Hallie Ford Museum of Art</text>
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                <text>1.880 cm&#13;
3.900 gr</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
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                <text>Greek</text>
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                <text>This item can be viewed on Hallie Ford Museum of Art's website.</text>
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                  <text>Ancient Coins at the Hallie Ford Museum of Art</text>
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                  <text>The entire collection of coins found at Hallie Ford Museum of Arts.</text>
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                  <text>A guide to the ancient coins collection at the Hallie Ford Museum of Art.    </text>
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              <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                  <text>Gifts of James and Aneta McIntyre&#13;
&#13;
Information about the coins was found in these resources:&#13;
&#13;
Cohen, Henry, René Cagnat, and James C. Egbert. Latin Epigraphy II: The Coin Inscriptions and Epigraphical Abbreviations of Imperial Rome. Chicago: Ares, 1978. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Hannestad, Niels. Roman Art and Imperial Policy. Århus C [Denmark: Aarhus UP, 1988. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Klawans, Zander H. An Outline of Ancient Greek Coins. Racine, WI: Whitman Pub., 1959. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Knorr, Ortwin. "Catalogue of the McIntyre Collection of Greek and Roman Coins." Classics: Ancient Coins in the HFMA. Willamette University, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, n.d. Web. 05 Aug. 2013. &lt;http://www.willamette.edu/cla/classics/resources/hfma/coins.html&gt;.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting II: Numismatic Art of the Greek World. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sayles, Wayne G. Ancient Coin Collecting III: The Roman World-politics and Propaganda. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1997. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Sear, David R. Roman Coins and Their Values: The Millennium Edition. London: Spink, 2000. Print.&#13;
&#13;
Whitting, Philip D. Byzantine Coins. New York: Putnam, 1973. Print.</text>
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              <name>Rights</name>
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                  <text>Hallie Ford Museum of Art</text>
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                  <text>A selection of these coins are on view in the Mark and Janeth Sponenburgh Gallery at Hallie Ford Museum of Art.  </text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="4133">
                <text>Julius Caesar, Silver Denarius</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="4134">
                <text>Julius Caesar, Republican Rome, North African mint (Carthage?), Silver Denarius, 47-46 BCE. &#13;
OBVERSE: Bust of Venus, facing right &#13;
REVERSE: Aeneas carrying his father Anchises over his shoulder and holding a palladium in his right hand, CAESAR inscribed on right.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;This coin is one of the very first issued by one of the most famous/infamous individuals from the ancient world: Julius Caesar. A powerful senator, consul and military general during the late Roman Republic, Caesar used his military success to maneuver his way into the title of perpetual dictator (&lt;em&gt;dictator perpetuo&lt;/em&gt;) just before his assassination in 44 BCE. Venus was often featured as part of Caesar's building projects, issued coins, and commissioned statues. One his most important building projects was starting the Forum of Caesar in 54 BCE as part of the Roman Forum. The forum included a temple to &lt;em&gt;Venus Genetrix&lt;/em&gt;, or Venus the mother. Caesar claimed that the Julii family descended from Aeneas, the Trojan hero, whose mother was Venus. This connection solidified his claim to power as his family was not only descended from a founder of Rome, but also from a goddess. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; This connection is reiterated by the depiction of Aeneas on the REVERSE of this coin. The myth of Aeneas states that he fled the burning city of Troy carrying his father, Anchises, on his back. The famous tale of Aeneas by Virgil, entitled &lt;em&gt;The Aeneid, &lt;/em&gt;recounts his adventures in the Homeric style, taking many elements from the epics &lt;em&gt;The Illiad&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;The Odyssey.&lt;/em&gt; Virgil's epic poem, written between&lt;span class="st"&gt; 29 and 19 BC&lt;/span&gt;E, is considered one of the greatest pieces of literature from antiquity.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Gift of James and Aneta McIntyre, Hallie Ford Museum of Art, Salem, OR. 2006.010.022</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>47-46 BCE</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Hallie Ford Museum of Arts</text>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>0.685 in&#13;
0.125 oz</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>Latin</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
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                <text>This item is on view at Hallie Ford Museum of Art, in the Mark and Janeth Sponenburgh Gallery.</text>
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